Seafloor seismic data acquisition can be applied to many seismic and geological challenges and improve reservoir characterization and management. 2D, 3D, and 4D towed streamer surveys dominate offshore seismic survey acquisition using proven technology to achieve narrow azimuth coverage. To overcome some of the limitations, new techniques such as single sensor recording, over-under, and wide-azimuth acquisition streamer data have recently delivered impressive results, but also raised the cost and complexity of streamer survey operations. However, by placing sensors on the seafloor and decou- pling the source and receiver, the acquisition lay-out and equipment can offer a number of significant advantages over towed streamer acquisition in some important exploration and production applications. This is the solution provided by ocean bottom seismic (OBS) a well established technology which resolves many of the known limitations of towed streamer seismic.
There are numerous environmental challenges and opportunities in today's LNG receiving terminals. LNG receiving terminals, onshore and offshore, are typically designed for standalone LNG regasification, and have not taken advantages of the inherent cold energy from LNG. There are synergies between LNG regasification and power generation. LNG can be used as a cold heat sink in power generation, which would increase power production efficiency and replace the conventional regasification processes. There are also economic benefits of extracting the heavier hydrocarbons from LNG as the liquid components can be sold at a premium price over natural gas. In the ever competitive energy markets, LNG importers must also be ready to accept LNG with heating values higher than North American gas pipeline specifications. This paper describes two patent pending technologies, in power generation using LNG cold and in LPG extraction from LNG. In addition to improving efficiencies and enhancing project economics, these technologies will reduce environmental impacts, and produce quality pipeline gas and liquid products for sales.
The application range of manned submersibles is limited for safety reasons, while operating tethered underwater vehicles is associated with operational depth and through-‐the-‐water speed restriction, and requires expensive infrastructure maintenance. A rapid transition from tethered and manned vehicles to unmanned autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has recently been observed for measurement, inspection, and monitoring tasks.
There are numerous environmental challenges and opportunities in today's LNG receiving terminals. LNG receiving terminals, onshore and offshore, are typically designed for standalone LNG regasification, and have not taken advantages of the inherent cold energy from LNG. There are synergies between LNG regasification and power generation [1],[6]. LNG can be used as a cold heat sink in power generation, which would increase power production efficiency and replace the conventional regasification processes. There are also economic benefits of extracting the heavier hydrocarbons from LNG as the liquid components can be sold at a premium price over natural gas. In the ever competitive energy markets, LNG importers must also be ready to accept LNG with heating values higher than North American gas pipeline specifications. This paper describes two patent pending technologies, in power generation using LNG cold and in LPG extraction from LNG. In addition to improving efficiencies and enhancing project economics, these technologies will reduce environmental impacts, and produce quality pipeline gas and liquid products for sales. The hydrocarbons content in the import LNG can also be used to supplement the North American liquid fuel markets.
As the drilling industry evolves to accommodate the challenges of deep well and horizontal drilling techniques, more demand is being places on the maintenance of drill strings, and in particular the tool joints. Perhaps as little as 15 years ago, tool joints were protected quite adequately by tungsten carbide hardbanding. These hardbandings provided the maximum wear resistance for the tool joints, and because of the limited use of casing while drilling, casing wear was not an issue. As well bores become deeper and deviated, more casing was used and this became a serious target for wear by the tungsten carbide hardbanding.
The Eastern Trough Area Project, commonly known as ETAP, is a network of nine smaller oil and gas fields in the Central North Sea covering an area up to 35 km in diameter, six operated by BP and another three operated by Shell. A single Central Processing Facility (CPF) sits over the Marnock field and serves as a hub for all production and operations of the assets.
Four Principles for Reducing Total Cost of Ownership - A White Paper by David R. Merrill – Chief Economist, Hitachi Data Systems
From a historic point of view there has been a need to protect cables for as long as cables have existed. Coating as a mean of cable protection has been used for more than 50 years. Most nuclear power plants in Europe have had their cables coated the last 50 years. A Whitepaper by Fire Security